Archive for the ‘Richard Angulo’ Category

A Lesson Learned – When Ego Trumps Accountability

May 29, 2007

A Lesson Learned

When Ego Trumps Accountability

 

Last week, one of the most brilliant scholars I’ve known and a dedicated public servant, Paul Wolfowitz, resigned from the presidency of the World Bank, ending a scandal that had riveted Washington.

 

But even if it wasn’t a big deal where you live, there are still lessons about human fallibility we could all stand to learn.

 

When taking over as Bank president two years ago—a plum job which pays $300,000 in salary and $140,000 in expenses—Wolfowitz disclosed his “personal relationship” with his companion Shaha Ali Riza, a Bank employee. He consulted the Bank’s ethics committee but didn’t like their advice, which he said could injure her career.

 

So he ignored the ethics committee and directed a Bank vice president to reassign his companion to the State Department, avoiding the appearance of conflict. But it was at a substantial raise, more than Bank policy would allow, to $180,000 a year tax-free. Not bad.

 

But I know Wolfowitz, and I’m certain that he believed that just moving her out of his sight was safe. He couldn’t affect her job, but the fact is, he didn’t clear it with anybody because it probably never occurred to him that he could do something wrong. He knew what was best, he thought.

 

Well, that lasted only until—Washington-style—the press got hold of the story. Then it became a matter of when, not if, Wolfowitz would leave.

 

It’s easy to dismiss this as an “inside the Beltway” story that has little, if anything, to do with the “real world,” and is all about the corruption of political power. But the truth is, we’re all capable of this same kind of arrogance and folly. Convinced of our own rightness, we don’t often listen to others.

 

 

The Wolfowitz story is a cautionary tale. Every Christian in authority, from a parent to a boss in the office, needs to find people who care more about God than our egos and who will tell us whether what we’re doing is advancing the Kingdom or our vanity—no matter how great we think we are.

 

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Bible Readings – God wishes to be asked, He wishes to be forced, He wishes, in a certain manner, to be overcome by our prayer. Jesus said "…But many that are first will be last, and the last first."

May 29, 2007

Dear Lord God, today readings surround me with the fact that I am to give thanks to You for and in everything; this I try to do. And the first fruits of my hands I am to give You; this I have not done as I should. You remind me that all You ask is that I keep Your commandment and remain obedient in all; this too I now try to do. But Lord God today Your Word’s and the Gospel of Jesus also give notice, that I am not to offer You a bribe or make unrighteous sacrifices to You; O Lord how can and will I know that my heart, mind and intent are pure, my nature is one of pride, selfishness and ambition, anger fills me and is relapsed by my mouth and actions, and though I die to myself to try and be closer to You I can not help but questions my motives. It is not my conscious attempt to deal with You now as I have in the past, making bribes and unrighteous sacrifices, I seek only You image and to reflect that in all I do and say, so that all who see and hear me can see You in me. O Lord let the Body of Jesus fill me, let the Blood of Jesus cleanse me, let the Words of Jesus guide and direct me, and together with Him Lord and the Holy Spirit convict me when I am wrong, but pick me up so that I may try again that each time there will be less of me and more of You. In the name of the Father, the Son Jesus and the Holy Spirit, Amen.

 

God wishes to be asked, He wishes to be forced, He wishes, in a certain manner, to be overcome by our prayer.

— Pope St. Gregory the Great

 

Sirach 35:1-12

1 He who keeps the law makes many offerings; he who heeds the commandments sacrifices a peace offering. 2 He who returns a kindness offers fine flour, and he who gives alms sacrifices a thank offering. 3 To keep from wickedness is pleasing to the Lord, and to forsake unrighteousness is atonement. 4 Do not appear before the Lord empty-handed, 5 for all these things are to be done because of the commandment. 6 The offering of a righteous man anoints the altar, and its pleasing odor rises before the Most High. 7 The sacrifice of a righteous man is acceptable, and the memory of it will not be forgotten. 8 Glorify the Lord generously, and do not stint the first fruits of your hands. 9 With every gift show a cheerful face, and dedicate your tithe with gladness. 10 Give to the Most High as he has given, and as generously as your hand has found. 11 For the Lord is the one who repays, and he will repay you sevenfold. 12 Do not offer him a bribe, for he will not accept it; and do not trust to an unrighteous sacrifice; for the Lord is the judge, and with him is no partiality.

Bible Study: [1-24] Keeping the commandments of the law and avoiding injustice constitute sacrifice pleasing and acceptable to God (Sirach 35:1-3). Offerings also should be made to him, cheerfully and generously; these he repays . . . sevenfold (Sirach 35:4-10). Extortion from widows and orphans is injustice, which God quickly repays (Sirach 35:11-18). Punishing the proud and the merciless and coming to the aid of the distressed, he requites all according to their deeds (Sirach 35:19-24).

Psalm 50:5-8, 14, 23

5 "Gather to me my faithful ones, who made a covenant with me by sacrifice!" 6 The heavens declare his righteousness, for God himself is judge! [Selah] 7 "Hear, O my people, and I will speak, O Israel, I will testify against you. I am God, your God. 8 I do not reprove you for your sacrifices; your burnt offerings are continually before me. 14 Offer to God a sacrifice of thanksgiving, and pay your vows to the Most High; 23 He who brings thanksgiving as his sacrifice honors me; to him who orders his way aright I will show the salvation of God!"

Bible Study: [Psalm 50] A covenant lawsuit stating that the sacrifice God really wants is the sacrifice of praise accompanied by genuine obedience (cf Micah 6:1-8). It begins with a theophany and the summoning of the court (Psalm 50:1-6). Then in direct address God explains what is required of the faithful (Psalm 50:7-15), rebukes the hypocritical worshiper (Psalm 50:16-21), and concludes with a threat and a promise (Psalm 50:22-23; cf Isaiah 1:19-20).

Mark 10:28-31

28 Peter began to say to him, "Lo, we have left everything and followed you." 29 Jesus said, "Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands, for my sake and for the gospel, 30 who will not receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life. 31 But many that are first will be last, and the last first."

 

 

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Prayer

May 28, 2007

Prayer

Author: Richard J. Foster

First published in 1992, Prayer: Finding the Heart’s True Home has become a classic on its eponymous subject. Awarded Christianity Today’s Book of the Year award and the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association’s Gold Medallion award, Prayer continues to receive widespread acclaim as one of the most thorough and insightful treatments of this central spiritual practice. Following the structure of his 1.2 million copy-selling Celebration of Discipline, Prayer explores three spiritual “movements” of prayer: inward, upward, and outward. Within each movement he looks at seven different types of prayer, for a total exploration of 21 separate forms of prayer. Coming to prayer is like coming home, Foster says. “Nothing feels more right, more like what we are created to be and to do.” This accessible, rich, and reliable guide shows how each of the various forms of prayer can move us inward into personal transformation, upward toward intimacy with God, and outward to minister to others.

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The Real War

May 28, 2007

The Real War by Diane Singer

 

So, John Edwards says there is no "war on terror" and that we need to back away from this phrase in order to restore some sanity to our foreign policy. OK, I’ll let him dump that particular phrase if he feels so inclined, but I won’t let him get away with the idea that there is no ideological battle going on between radical Islam (the sponsor of worldwide terror) and the West. Lest we forget, here’s what we’re up against (both quotes are from a newsletter published by the Trinity Forum called "Civilization’s Fight").

 

V.S. Naipaul — Nobel laureate for literature in 2001 — had this to say about what is at stake in America’s and the world’s struggle to undo the terrorism: "We are within reach of great nihilistic forces that have undone civilization. Religion has been turned by some into a kind of nihilism, where people wish to destroy themselves and destroy their past and their culture … to be pure. They are enraged about the world and they wish to pull it down." 

 

Charles Krauthammer wrote in response to Naipaul’s speech, "We tremble because for the first time in history nihilism will soon be armed with the ultimate weapons of annihilation. For the first time in history, the nihilist will have the means to match his ends. Which is why the war declared upon us on September 11 is the most urgent not only of our lives, but in the life of civilization itself."

 

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Faith Under Fire – Where Is God in Wartime?

May 28, 2007

Where Is God in Wartime?

 

Where is God amidst the horrors of war? How do soldiers keep their faith in God’s goodness amidst the suffering and slaughter of battle?

 

American soldiers and sailors, airmen and Marines have asked questions like these ever since the War for Independence. The questions occupy their thoughts and find their way from faraway battlefields into letters to loved ones.

 

Journalist Andrew Carroll has collected many of these letters in a book entitled Grace Under Fire: Letters of Faith in Times of War. Among them is a note from Private Walter Bromwich, who questioned God’s role in the slaughter of World War I.

 

“How can there be fairness in one man being maimed for life, suffering agonies, and another killed instantaneously, while I get out of it safe?” Bromwich asked his pastor back in Pennsylvania. “What I would like to believe,” Bromwich wrote, “is that God is in this war, not as a spectator, but backing up everything that is good in us. I don’t know whether God goes forth with armies, but I do know that He is in lots of our men or they would not do what they do.”

 

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Bible Readings – Memorial Day – ‘Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.’

May 28, 2007

Dear Lord God, today we think of and celebrate all those that have served to defend this Country and given up their life in doing so. As Christian’s we should recall John 15:13 ‘Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.’  While many may question the reasons, the causes, the truth or lack there of about the conflicts, battles and wars this Country and the world as had; no one can question the love of those who died defending their love ones and their way of life. To serve, to lay down ones life in service, this is the love of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love we are all called too. In a world where we can become more easily concerned with processions, to think of giving up everything, leaving it all behind is awesome, amazing and worth all our honor, praise and prayer today. O Lord God today I ask and pray for Your protection, grace, mercy and forgiveness of those in service throughout the world; Your mercy, forgiveness and acceptance of all those that have died and pass on to be with You; those who knew You and those who did not; Your peace, comfort, mercy, grace and understanding for the love ones of those injured, disabled or that have died, let Your love springs forth understanding, pride and unity in support of there love one. These things I ask in the name of Jesus Christ, Amen.

 

 

The Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, is God, one and equal with the Father and the Son, of the same substance and also of the same nature. . . Yet he is not called the Spirit of the Father alone,. . . but the Spirit of both the Father and the Son.

— Council of Florence (1439)

 

 

Sirach 17:20-24

20 Their iniquities are not hidden from him, and all their sins are before the Lord. 22 A man’s almsgiving is like a signet with the Lord and he will keep a person’s kindness like the apple of his eye. 23 Afterward he will arise and requite them, and he will bring their recompense on their heads. 24 Yet to those who repent he grants a return, and he encourages those whose endurance is failing.

Bible Study: [19-27] Exhorting the sinner to return to God (Sirach 17:19-21, 24-26) the author implies that the Lord will postpone death for a repentant sinner so that he may fulfill his destiny of praising God on earth (Sirach 17:22-23). In the light of Christian teaching, the gift of final penitence extends this divine purpose into life everlasting. See note on Psalm 6:6; cf also Ezekiel 18:23; 33:11-16.


Psalm 32:1-2, 5-7

1 Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. 2 Blessed is the man to whom the LORD imputes no iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no deceit. 5 I acknowledged my sin to thee, and I did not hide my iniquity; I said, "I will confess my transgressions to the LORD"; then thou didst forgive the guilt of my sin. [Selah] 6 Therefore let every one who is godly offer prayer to thee; at a time of distress, in the rush of great waters, they shall not reach him. 7 Thou art a hiding place for me, thou preservest me from trouble; thou dost encompass me with deliverance. [Selah]

Bible Study: [Psalm 32] Of David – An individual thanksgiving and the second of the seven Penitential Psalms (cf Psalm 6). The opening declaration–the forgiven are blessed (Psalm 32:1-2)–arises from the psalmist’s own experience. At one time the psalmist was stubborn and closed, a victim of sin’s power (Psalm 32:3-4), and then became open to the forgiving God (Psalm 32:5-7). Sin here, as often in the Bible, is not only the personal act of rebellion against God but also the consequences of that act–frustration and waning of vitality. Having been rescued, the psalmist can teach others the joys of justice and the folly of sin (Psalm 32:8-11). [6] Flood waters: the untamed waters surrounding the earth, a metaphor for danger.


Mark 10:17-27

17 And as he was setting out on his journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, "Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?" 18 And Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone. 19 You know the commandments: `Do not kill, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.’" 20 And he said to him, "Teacher, all these I have observed from my youth." 21 And Jesus looking upon him loved him, and said to him, "You lack one thing; go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me." 22 At that saying his countenance fell, and he went away sorrowful; for he had great possessions. 23 And Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, "How hard it will be for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!" 24 And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, "Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! 25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God." 26 And they were exceedingly astonished, and said to him, "Then who can be saved?" 27 Jesus looked at them and said, "With men it is impossible, but not with God; for all things are possible with God."

Bible Study: [15] Whoever does not accept the kingdom of God like a child: i.e., in total dependence upon and obedience to the gospel; cf Matthew 18:3-4. [18] Why do you call me good?: Jesus repudiates the term "good" for himself and directs it to God, the source of all goodness who alone can grant the gift of eternal life; cf Matthew 19:16-17. [23-27] In the Old Testament wealth and material goods are considered a sign of God’s favor (Job 1:10; Psalm 128:1-2; Isaiah 3:10). The words of Jesus in Mark 10:23-25 provoke astonishment among the disciples because of their apparent contradiction of the Old Testament concept (Mark 10:24.26). Since wealth, power, and merit generate false security, Jesus rejects them utterly as a claim to enter the kingdom. Achievement of salvation is beyond human capability and depends solely on the goodness of God who offers it as a gift (Mark 10:27).

 

 

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Bible Readings -Pentecost Sunday (Solemnity) – When we have once placed ourselves entirely in the hands of God, we need fear no evil. If adversity comes, He knows how to turn it to our advantage, by means which will in time be made clear to us.

May 28, 2007

Dear Lord God, today this Pentecost Sunday I meditate on the Holy Spirit and the spiritual being that I, we all are. I listen to the books about the hidden gospels, the Dead Sea scrolls,  I hear the opinions, observations, interpretations and representations of those that have spend far more time than I studying Your Word’s – the Old Testament, the New Testament and the scrolls and manuscripts referred to as the Lost Books of the Bible, the early Church and more; and while I know I am just beginning to study what they have for many years, I cannot not help but think it is all in the Trinity. The secrets, the knowledge and wisdom to over come and understand. O Lord God there is much to be learned and gained from expanding the width and depth of practicing Your presence with, in and through me; please give me a discerning heart to love You above all, and mind to act on what and with what You teach me. O Lord God, hear my request and prayer, in Jesus name I ask Your guidance, direction and blessings so that I may continue my journey to You, Amen.

 

When we have once placed ourselves entirely in the hands of God, we need fear no evil. If adversity comes, He knows how to turn it to our advantage, by means which will in time be made clear to us.

— St. Vincent de Paul

 

Acts 2:1-11

1 When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. 2 And suddenly a sound came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. 3 And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them. 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. 5 Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men from every nation under heaven. 6 And at this sound the multitude came together, and they were bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in his own language. 7 And they were amazed and wondered, saying, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans? 8 And how is it that we hear, each of us in his own native language? 9 Par’thians and Medes and E’lamites and residents of Mesopota’mia, Judea and Cappado’cia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phryg’ia and Pamphyl’ia, Egypt and the parts of Libya belonging to Cyre’ne, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, 11 Cretans and Arabians, we hear them telling in our own tongues the mighty works of God."

Bible Study: [1-41] Luke’s pentecostal narrative consists of an introduction (Acts 2:1-13), a speech ascribed to Peter declaring the resurrection of Jesus and its messianic significance (Acts 2:14-36), and a favorable response from the audience (Acts 2:37-41). It is likely that the narrative telescopes events that took place over a period of time and on a less dramatic scale. The Twelve were not originally in a position to proclaim publicly the messianic office of Jesus without incurring immediate reprisal from those religious authorities in Jerusalem who had brought about Jesus’ death precisely to stem the rising tide in his favor. [2] There came from the sky a noise like a strong driving wind: wind and spirit are associated in John 3:8. The sound of a great rush of wind would herald a new action of God in the history of salvation. [3] Tongues as of fire: see Exodus 19:18 where fire symbolizes the presence of God to initiate the covenant on Sinai. Here the holy Spirit acts upon the apostles, preparing them to proclaim the new covenant with its unique gift of the Spirit (Acts 2:38). [4] To speak in different tongues: ecstatic prayer in praise of God, interpreted in Acts 2:6, 11 as speaking in foreign languages, symbolizing the worldwide mission of the church.


Psalm 104:1, 24, 29-31, 34

1 Bless the LORD, O my soul! O LORD my God, thou art very great! Thou art clothed with honor and majesty, 24 O LORD, how manifold are thy works! In wisdom hast thou made them all; the earth is full of thy creatures. 29 When thou hidest thy face, they are dismayed; when thou takest away their breath, they die and return to their dust. 30 When thou sendest forth thy Spirit, they are created; and thou renewest the face of the ground. 31 May the glory of the LORD endure for ever, may the LORD rejoice in his works, 34 May my meditation be pleasing to him, for I rejoice in the LORD.

Bible Study: [Psalm 104] A hymn praising God who easily and skillfully made rampaging waters and primordial night into a world vibrant with life. The psalmist describes God’s splendor in the heavens (Psalm 104:1-4), how the chaotic waters were tamed to fertilize and feed the world (104:5-18), and how primordial night was made into a gentle time of refreshment (Psalm 104:19-23). The picture is like Genesis 1:1-2: a dark and watery chaos is made dry and lighted so that creatures might live. The psalmist reacts to the beauty of creation with awe (Psalm 104:24-34). May sin not deface God’s work (Psalm 104:35)! [29-30] On one level, the spirit (or wind) of God is the fall and winter rains that provide food for all creatures. On another, it is the breath (or spirit) of God that makes beings live.


1 Corinthians 12:3-7, 12-13

3 Therefore I want you to understand that no one speaking by the Spirit of God ever says "Jesus be cursed!" and no one can say "Jesus is Lord" except by the Holy Spirit. 4 Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; 5 and there are varieties of service, but the same Lord; 6 and there are varieties of working, but it is the same God who inspires them all in every one. 7 To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good. 12 For just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with Christ. 13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body — Jews or Greeks, slaves or free — and all were made to drink of one Spirit.

Bible Study: [12:1-14:40] Ecstatic and charismatic activity were common in early Christian experience, as they were in other ancient religions. But the Corinthians seem to have developed a disproportionate esteem for certain phenomena, especially tongues, to the detriment of order in the liturgy. Paul’s response to this development provides us with the fullest exposition we have of his theology of the charisms. [2-3] There is an experience of the Spirit and an understanding of ecstatic phenomena that are specifically Christian and that differ, despite apparent similarities, from those of the pagans. It is necessary to discern which spirit is leading one; ecstatic phenomena must be judged by their effect (1 Cor 12:2). 1 Cor 12:3 illustrates this by an example: power to confess Jesus as Lord can come only from the Spirit, and it is inconceivable that the Spirit would move anyone to curse the Lord. [4-6] There are some features common to all charisms, despite their diversity: all are gifts (charismata), grace from outside ourselves; all are forms of service (diakoniai), an expression of their purpose and effect; and all are workings (energemata), in which God is at work. Paul associates each of these aspects with what later theology will call one of the persons of the Trinity, an early example of "appropriation."

 or Romans 8:8-17

8 and those who are in the flesh cannot please God. 9 But you are not in the flesh, you are in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Any one who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him. 10 But if Christ is in you, although your bodies are dead because of sin, your spirits are alive because of righteousness. 11 If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life to your mortal bodies also through his Spirit which dwells in you. 12 So then, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh — 13 for if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body you will live. 14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. 15 For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the spirit of sonship. When we cry, "Abba! Father!" 16 it is the Spirit himself bearing witness with our spirit that we are children of God, 17 and if children, then heirs, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.

Bible Study: [1-13] After his warning in Romans 7 against the wrong route to fulfillment of the objective of holiness expressed in Romans 6:22, Paul points his addressees to the correct way. Through the redemptive work of Christ, Christians have been liberated from the terrible forces of sin and death. Holiness was impossible so long as the flesh (or our "old self"), that is, self-interested hostility toward God (Romans 8:7), frustrated the divine objectives expressed in the law. What is worse, sin used the law to break forth into all manner of lawlessness (Romans 8:8). All this is now changed. At the cross God broke the power of sin and pronounced sentence on it (Romans 8:3). Christians still retain the flesh, but it is alien to their new being, which is life in the spirit, namely the new self, governed by the holy Spirit. Under the direction of the holy Spirit Christians are able to fulfill the divine will that formerly found expression in the law (Romans 8:4). The same Spirit who enlivens Christians for holiness will also resurrect their bodies at the last day (Romans 8:11). Christian life is therefore the experience of a constant challenge to put to death the evil deeds of the body through life of the spirit (Romans 8:13). [14-17] Christians, by reason of the Spirit’s presence within them, enjoy not only new life but also a new relationship to God, that of adopted children and heirs through Christ, whose sufferings and glory they share. [15] Abba: see the note on Mark 14:36.


John 20:19-23

19 On the evening of that day, the first day of the week, the doors being shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, "Peace be with you." 20 When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. Then the disciples were glad when they saw the Lord. 21 Jesus said to them again, "Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I send you." 22 And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit. 23 If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained."

Bible Study: [1-31] The risen Jesus reveals his glory and confers the Spirit. This story fulfills the basic need for testimony to the resurrection. What we have here is not a record but a series of single stories. [19-29] The appearances to the disciples, without or with Thomas (cf John 11:16; 14:5), have rough parallels in the other gospels only for John 20:19-23; cf Luke 24:36-39; Mark 16:14-18. [19] The disciples: by implication from John 20:24 this means ten of the Twelve, presumably in Jerusalem. Peace be with you: although this could be an ordinary greeting, John intends here to echo John 14:27. The theme of rejoicing in John 20:20 echoes John 16:22.   [20] Hands and . . . side: Luke 24:39-40 mentions "hands and feet," based on Psalm 22:17. [21] By means of this sending, the Eleven were made apostles, that is, "those sent" (cf John 17:18), though John does not use the noun in reference to them (see the note on John 13:16). A solemn mission or "sending" is also the subject of the post-resurrection appearances to the Eleven in Matthew 28:19; Luke 24:47; Mark 16:15. [22] This action recalls Genesis 2:7, where God breathed on the first man and gave him life; just as Adam’s life came from God, so now the disciples’ new spiritual life comes from Jesus. Cf also the revivification of the dry bones in Ezekial 37. This is the author’s version of Pentecost. Cf also the note on John 19:30. [23] The Council of Trent defined that this power to forgive sins is exercised in the sacrament of penance. See Matthew 16:19; Matthew 18:18.

 

 

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